Radio 1 Launch CSP: blog tasks

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 Historical, social and cultural contexts

1) What radio stations were offered by the BBC before 1967?
Before the launch of Radio 1, the BBC ran three radio stations (the BBC Light Programme, the BBC Home Service and the BBC Third Programme), but these were considered old fashioned and were closed down in 1967. They were replaced with Radio 1, 2, 3 and 4

2) How was BBC radio reorganised in September 1967? What were the new stations that launched?
Radios 1,2,3,and 4 each came into existence at 5.30 a.m. 30th September 1967. Until then the BBC broadcast the Light Programme (light music and entertainment and now Radio , the Home Service (News and current events, now Radio 4) and the Third Programme (Classical music, now Radio 3).

3) What was pirate radio and why was it popular?
Pirate radio was regarded as the best place to hear new music and particularly urban music. Furthermore, pirate radio stations were appreciated for their local relevance by providing information and advertisements about local community events, businesses and club nights.

4) Why did pirate radio stop broadcasting in 1967?
The British government legislated against pirate radio stations, making their broadcasts illegal. The move also had the BBC open up its radio offering, setting up the Radio 1 station to play pop and rock music. Many of Radio Caroline's presenters were employed by Radio 1

5) How did the BBC attract young audiences to Radio 1 after pirate radio stations were closed down?
Many of the pirate station broadcasters then were employed by BBC Radio 1, thus bringing many of the their loyal listeners with them. Commercial radio didn't broadcast until 1973 so it had no competition. It developed better content more suitable to the target audience and became the most popular.

6) What was 'needle time' and why was it a problem for BBC Radio?
Needle time was created in the United Kingdom by the Musicians' Union and Phonographic Performance Limited to restrict the amount of recorded music that could be transmitted by the BBC during any 24-hour period. The number of hours per week allowed gradually increased over the years from below 30 hours in the 1950s

7) How did BBC Radio 1 offer different content to previous BBC radio stations?
In response, the BBC reorganised and renamed their radio channels. On 30 September 1967, the Light Programme was split into Radio 1 offering continuous "Popular" music and Radio 2 more "Easy Listening“. The "Third" programme became Radio 3 offering classical music and cultural programming.

8) Who was the first presenter for BBC Radio 1 and why did these new Radio 1 DJs cause upset initially at the traditional BBC?
Tony Blackburn

9) Listen to excerpts from the Tony Blackburn's first 1967 broadcast - how might it have appealed to young listeners?

10) How was Tony Blackburn's radio show more like pirate radio rather than traditional BBC radio content?

Audience and industry

1) What was the target audience for BBC Radio 1 in 1967?
 The BBC claims that it targets the 15–29 age group

2) Why did Radio 1 initially struggle to attract young listeners?
Initially, the station was unpopular with some of its target audience who, it is claimed, disliked the fact that much of its airtime was shared with Radio 2 and that it was less unequivocally aimed at a young audience than the offshore stations, with some DJs such as Jimmy Young being in their 40s.

3) What audience pleasures did Radio 1 offer listeners in 1967? (Use Blumer and Katz Uses and Gratifications theory).
personal identity: he's 24 so younger people would relate to him
personal relationships: more chatty as if he is talking to a relative or someone he knows or someone he is close with 
diversion: more emphasis and bubbly. Loud music/ range of context.

4) How is the BBC funded?
Money raised from the licence fee pays for BBC shows and services - including TV, radio, the BBC website, podcasts, iPlayer and apps. There were 24.4 million licences in force in the year to March 2023.

5) Applying Stuart Hall's Reception theory, what would the preferred and oppositional readings have been for BBC Radio 1 in 1967? 
preferred reading: cool and innovative 
oppositional reading: people would think he had sold out or become part of the establishment 

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